| 2 T. flour = 1 T. cornstarch |
| 1 c. cake flour = 7/8 c. hard wheat, all-purpose flour |
| 1 c. sugar plus ¼ c. liquid when used to replace one-half of the sugar |
| 1 oz.. chocolate = 3 to 4 T. cocoa plus 1/2 t fat |
| 1 c. butter = 1 c. margarine |
| 1 c. butter = 7/8 to 1 c. hydrogenated fat plus ½ t. salt |
| 1 c. butter = 3 C. lard plus½ t salt |
| 1 c. butter = 3 C. rendered fat plus ½ t. salt |
| 1 c. honey = 1 c. sugar (reduce liquid in recipe by one-half) |
| 1 c. syrup = 1 c. sugar (reduce liquid in recipe by one-third |
| 1 c. sorghum syrup = 1 c. sugar (reduce baking powder, use ½ t. soda to 1 c. sorghum |
| 1 c. sour milk = 1 c. milk or ½ a. evaporated milk and ½ c. water plus 1 t. lemon juice or vinegar |
| 1 t. baking powder = ¼ t. baking soda |